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Understanding the condition
Anal cancer can cause bleeding, pain or a persistent lump. These symptoms overlap with benign anal conditions, so examination and a biopsy of a suspicious lesion may be necessary.
What the evaluation looks for
The location, tissue type and extent of disease determine the treatment plan. Anal canal and anal margin lesions are not always managed in the same way.
How treatment is chosen
Many anal squamous-cell cancers are treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation. Selected small lesions may be excised, and surgery can be needed for persistent or recurrent disease. The team should explain how response is assessed and how bowel function may be affected.
Questions worth asking
- What type and location of cancer is present?
- Why is radiation, systemic treatment or surgery recommended?
- When and how will response be assessed?
When to seek help promptly
Heavy bleeding, fever with worsening pain or inability to pass stool warrants prompt assessment.